In recent times, Spinal surgery has advanced dramatically due to technical advancements leading to minimally invasive spine surgery. Microscopes, endoscopes, tubular dilators, motorized drills, nerve monitoring systems have decreased complications, risks and recovery time considerably. They have advanced to a point where few procedures can be done with an incision less than a centimeter.Major advantages of MIS surgeries are-Small incision - so cosmeticMinimal soft tissue dissection - So less Postoperative painNo Muscle stripping from bone rather dilating or spreading of muscles to reach the target pathology - so preservation of normal anatomyLess blood lossEarly recovery, Less hospital stayMagnification & illumination increases safetyOverall better outcome and early return to workLong term outcomes also better due to preservation of normal anatomy.MIS surgeries can be broadly grouped into two groups-MIS decompressionMIS fixation & fusion

In recent times, Spinal surgery has advanced dramatically due to technical advancements leading to minimally invasive spine surgery. Microscopes, endoscopes, tubular dilators, motorized drills, nerve monitoring systems have decreased complications, risks and recovery time considerably. They have advanced to a point where few procedures can be done with an incision less than a centimeter.Major advantages of MIS surgeries are-1. Small incision - so cosmetic2. Minimal soft tissue dissection - So less Postoperative pain3. No Muscle stripping from bone rather dilating or spreading of muscles to reach the target pathology - so preservation of normal anatomy4. Less blood loss5. Early recovery, Less hospital stay6. Magnification & illumination increases safety7.Overall better outcome and early return to work8. Long term outcomes also better due to preservation of normal anatomy.MIS surgeries can be broadly grouped into two groups-1. MIS decompression2. MIS fixation & fusion

Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy is the latest technique for minimally invasive disc surgery.Advantages includes-1. In this, the disc is directly approached via the neuroforamina without needing to remove any muscle, bone or ligament and without nerve retraction.2. It reduces the approach related morbidity of the traditional interlaminar techniques of disc surgery.3. It can be done without the need of general anaesthesia.4. Less than one cm. incision (Key hole surgery)5. No much of neural tissue handling so no risk of neural damage6. Neuromonitoring as the patient is awake.7. Early recovery and restoration of function.